Management and Leadership In Leadership, Leadership, Leadership" Are We All Chanting the Wrong Mantra, the authors says, “Leadership is simply management of higher level things” Introduction There has always been a struggle between leadership and management in the workforce. Both place a very strong emphasis on different areas of the workforce. 1. Management is a purposeful activity. 2. It is getting things done through and with others in a desired manner. ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. It concerns with the efforts of people working in the Estimated Reading Time: 3 mins
Management: Short Essay on Management
There is no single definition of management. Management essay term management can be and often is used in several different ways. Richard L, management essay. In other words it is a process of various functions like planning, management essay, organizing, leading and controlling the business operations in such a manner so as to achieve the objectives set by the organization. Management is both science and arts. Though it is not a perfect art as music or painting. Similarly, it is not a perfect science as physical or chemical science. Art is bringing about of desired result through application of skill. The management evolves for the application to a specific situation. Intuition management essay creativity management essay often the key ingredients of successful managers.
Science, on the other hand, is a systematic body of knowledge acquired by making through observations, experiments and intelligence, management essay, which may be verified by researchers, management essay. Many theories of management have evolved through experimentation and the results are well structured. Examples are management essay and motivation theory. Many areas of operations management such as forecasting, production planning and control, inventory management, etc. Thus, management is both science and arts. Generally, management essay, it is the situation which determines the orientation towards science or art.
The concept of management is not fixed. It has changed according to time and circumstances. The concept of management has been used in integration and authority etc. Different authors on management have given different concepts of management. The main followers of this concept are Management essay Allen, George R. Terry, Henry Fayol, management essay, E. Brech, James L. Lundy, Koontz and O. Donnel, management essay, G. E Milward, mcfarland etc. James L. Management is what management does, management essay. It is the task of planning, executing and controlling.
George R. Howard M. It is very narrow and traditional concept of management. The followers of this concept are Koontz and O Donnell, management essay, Mooney and Railey, Lawrence A. Appley, S. George, Mary Parker Follet etc. Under this concept, management essay, the workers are treated as a factor of production only and the work of the manager is confined to taking work from the workers. He need not do any work himself. Modern management experts do not agree with this concept of management. Mooney and A. Achievement of objectives depends on the quality of decisions.
Similarly, production and productivity both can be increased by efficient leadership only. Leadership provides efficiency, coordination and continuity in an organization. Donald J. Association of Mechanical Engineers, U. Mee, Marry Cushing Niles, F. Taylor etc, management essay. Jon, F. Management is universal in the sense that it is applicable anywhere whether social, religious or business and industrial. The followers of this concept are Henry Fayol, Lawrence A. Appley, F. Taylor, Theo Haimann etc. It may be applied to any kind of enterprises, where the human efforts are coordinated. i To shareholders, management has the traditional responsibility of protection of investment plus the earning management essay a return on that investment in the long run.
ii To employees, management must strive to provide steady, challenging and rewarding opportunities, safe working conditions, and providing for health and other benefits through the working years and even after retirement. iii To customers, management must provide a high quality product at a competitive price and render satisfactory service as required. iv To the Society at large, management essay, management has the responsibility of always being a good citizen, taking an interest in the affairs of the general public, complying with the spirit as well as letter of law regarding environmental pollution and conservation. One objective is ensuring organizational goals and targets are met with least cost and minimum waste. The third objective is protecting the machinery and resources of the organization, including the human resources.
An organization may have different levels of management. the number of levels of management in a particular organization depends on the size of the organization, market value and nature of production based on management essay as well as quantity, management essay. A large organization needs different levels of management which has the responsibility to make all the workers get motivated, get organized in order to get the job done within the certain time period and bring a mutual understanding among the workers in different levels of the organization.
The management should provide a clear view about the nature of the work in that particular level, where all the objectives to be accomplished, goals to be achieved. But in order to management essay greater efficiency and maximum productivity, the levels present in the organization should be kept at minimum. If there are many levels in the organization the cost spend for planning, resources needed for that level will be increased, which might have a great impact on the profit margin of the organization. It might also create problems in communication channels between different personnel of different levels, which would be very difficult to control and coordinate.
According to the experts there are three different levels of management Refer Fig. Top level management refers to those who occupy functional positions in an enterprise such as board of directors, managing directors and other key officers who are responsible for smooth and systematic operations of the enterprise. Top management does not directly execute work. Some of the important functions of top level management are:. Setting key objectives, policies and identifying factors essential for the development of the organization. Making appointments to the top position in the enterprise such as managers, department heads etc.
Middle level management deals with task of implementing the policies and plans formulated by the top level. It comprises of departmental heads and other executive officers who will lead the group of workers management essay the planned targets and provide them with management essay resources in order to get the job done. This group is responsible for the execution and interpretation of policies throughout the organization and for the successful operations assigned management essay the division or departments. In this level the managers have to plan the operations, issue instructions laid by the top management, collect the resources required and control the work of the men. Operating level management is the lowest level in the organization. It consists of foreman, management essay, supervisors, daily labourers etc.
Their authority and responsibility in the organization is much less as compared to management essay workers. They have to follow the rules and guidelines made out by the higher authorities of the enterprise. The importance of the functions in this level cannot be overlooked. The plan developed by the top level management essay will fail if the workers in the lower level do not fully realize the work allotted to them and the nature management essay their work. The quality and quantity of the work done will depend upon the performances of the workers in this level i. Assigning duties to the workers as per plan and schedules given by the top and middle level management.
Management is a process of getting things done through others. It is a dynamic process consisting of several elements or activities. These activities or elements, which every manager has to perform, are known as functions of management. Various management scholars studies different organizations at different times and identified separate functions of management. Although co-ordination is not generally regarded as one of the basic management functions, it is extremely important for the success of any organization, management essay. Planning function determines the objectives to be achieved and the management essay of action to be followed to achieve them.
It involves deciding in advance what to do, when to do it, where to do it, how to do it and who is to do it and how the results are to be evaluated. Thus, planning is the systematic thinking about the ways and the means for the accomplishment of predetermined objectives. Planning is a continuous management essay and this function is performed at all levels of management. Top managers are involved in strategic planning that sets board, long-range goals for an organization. These goals become the basis for short-range, annual operational planning; during which top and middle managers determine specific departmental objectives that will help the organization makes progress toward the broader, long-range goals.
Planning is a fundamental function of management and all the other functions of management are greatly influenced by planning process. Planning is prerequisite of doing anything. Planning requires decision making i. Plans range from overall purposes and objectives to the most detailed actions to be taken. No real plan exists until a decision i.
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Introduction There has always been a struggle between leadership and management in the workforce. Both place a very strong emphasis on different areas of the workforce. Management is about organizing human, physical and financial resources in the organization in order to achieve results. If the managers can utilize the available resources appropriately or The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. This paper examines these functions through the lens of theorists F.W. Taylor, Max Weber, Mary Parker
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